Laser Distance Sensors Device

LDM 41 A / LDM 42 A
Laser Distance Sensors
Applications
- Measurement of distance and position
- Diameter measurement of rolls / coils
- Level measurement
- Position control
- Security application
- Observing and measurement for elevators
- Position measurement for cranes and conveyors

Description
The LDM 41/42 A is a opto-electronic distance sensor for industrial

application, like distance and position measurement without use of

special reflectors. The target could be nearly any kind of natural

surface.The sensor works based on comparative phase

measurement. It emits modulated Laser light which is diffusely

reflected back from the target with a certain shift in phase to be

compared with a reference signal. From the amount of phase shift

a required distance can then be determined with millimeter accuracy.

A visible red Laser beam enables easier sighting. The LDM 42 A is

designed for fast measurement on white target

Characteristics
- millimetre precise measurement at various surfaces (LDM 42 A

only for white surface)
- long range reflector-less distance measurement, with additional

reflectors on the object over 100m with additional reflectors

mounted onto target
- high availability under in the high temperature area with high precision
- big supply voltage range 10 V until 30 V DC
- risk less use because of laser class 2
- simple alignment with a visible laser class
- bi-directional data-interface, switching and analogue output
- simple setup for parameter with a PC or laptop
- measured values are displayed in meters, decimetre, centimetre,

feet, inch etc. due to free scaling
- stable and simple to installing housing with protection IP 65
- Profibus DP via UNIGATE Gateway


LDM 301 A
Laser Distance Measurement Sensor

Applications

Equipment and performance features of the LDM 301 warrant

multiple possibilities of application in industrial environments

- Process monitoring in steel works and rolling mills
- Fill-level measurement
- Positioning of cranes, loading and handling equipment
- Measurement of points that cannot be accessed, for example, inside of cavities, tubes or containers
- Position monitoring of vehicles or ships

Description
The new LDM 301 Laser distance sensor measures distance

and speed of natural targets without a reflector. A reflector can

be used for increasing the measuring range. The sensor needs

only a very short time to measure; it facilitates distance

measurement to or from moving objects. The laser pulse's

time-of-flight measurement principle which it uses is specifically

suitable where great distances have to be measured and for

applications in harsh industrial environments.

With the compact design shape, simple setup and configured with

standard interfacing facilities, the LDM 301 can easily be installed.

For interfacing an analogue output, 2 digital outputs and a serial

interface RS232 or RS422 are available.

Standard LDM 301 delivery includes integral heating, a status

display and a red Laser pointer. A modular setup allows for easy

complementation with accessories or special models as may be

required in particular applications

Advantage
- Broad working range
- Great reach, also without reflectors
- Very short times to measure
- Laser class 1
- Programmable serial, digital and analogue outputs
-- Allows synchronization with external devices
- Compact design shape, IP67 protection
- Integrated red Pilot Laser, optionally telescope sign for alignment
- Easy to install and operate

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Industrial Distance Sensor Device

Distance Sensor Model SR50

The SR50 is a rugged, acoustic distance sensor that is manufactured
by Campbell Scientific Canada. It measures the elapsed
time between emission and return of an ultrasonic pulse. This
measurement can be used to determine snow or water depth.
An air temperature measurement is required to correct for
variations of the speed of sound in air.

The SR50 was designed to meet the stringent requirements of
measuring depths and uses a multiple echo processing algorithm
to help ensure measurement reliability.

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Analog inductive distance sensor

184117 festo
Analog inductive distance sensor
Function
The analogue inductive sensor contains an oscillator circuit, which
consists of a parallel resonant circuit with coil and capacitor as
well as an amplifier. The electromagnetic field is directed outwardly
by means of a ferrite shell core. If an electrically conductive material
is introduced into the active zone of the stray field, eddy currents are
induced into the material according to the laws of inductance, which
attenuate oscillation. Attenuation of the oscillator varies according to
the conductivity, permeability, dimensions and proximity of the
conductive object. The output signal, within a defined range, is
proportional to the distance between workpiece and sensor if the
workpiece material and dimensions remain unchanged.

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S80 Laser Distance Sensor

Overview
The S80 series, in a compact sturdy metal housing, offers an
innovative class 2 laser distance sensor with time-of-flight
measurement. This technology, based on the measurement of
the time between the emission and receipt of the laser light
pulses, ensures accurate distance detection.
The sensors function from 0.3 to 7m, within an adjustable range,
in positioning or detection applications, such as double-threshold
background suppression over long distances. All models have
two outputs, available in both the NPN and PNP models, that can
be set at different distances. While the measurement value is a
4-20mA analog output and RS485 serial interface; the latter can
be also used to set all the sensor parameters.
In addition, the S80 series offers the option to adjust the 4-20 mA
analog output. This feature allows the minimum and maximum values
of the operating distance to be set and linked to the minimum and
maximum current. A 4-digit display shows the distance, as well as
the parameters that can be set using the three buttons.

Common Applications

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InfraRed Distance Sensor Device

GP2D12
Optoelectronic Device
DESCRIPTION
The GP2D12 is a distance measuring sensor with
integrated signal processing and analog voltage output.
FEATURES
• Analog output
• Effective Range: 10 to 80 cm
• LED pulse cycle duration: 32 ms
• Typical response time: 39 ms
• Typical start up delay: 44 ms
• Average current consumption: 33 mA
• Detection area diameter @ 80 cm: 6 cm

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Eowave InfraRed Distance Sensor

Eowave IR distance sensors are measuring sensor units,
composed of an integrated combination of PSD (position
sensitive detector) , IRED (infrared emitting diode) and signal
processing circuit. The variety of the reflectivity of the
object, the environmental temperature and the operating
duration are not influenced easily to the distance detection
because of adopting the triangulation method. This device
outputs the voltage corresponding to the detection
distance. So this sensor can also be used as a proximity sensor.
FEATURES
Distance measuring range :
5-30cm
20-80cm
60-300cm
Analog output type Continuous

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Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Device

PING Ultrasonic Distance Sensor

The Parallax PING))) ultrasonic distance sensor provides precise,
non-contact distance measurements from about 3 cm (1.2 inches)
to 3 meters (3.3 yards). It is very easy to connect to BASIC Stamp®
or Javelin Stamp microcontrollers, requiring only one I/O pin.
Features
• Supply Voltage – 5 VDC
• Supply Current – 30 mA typ; 35 mA max
• Range – 3 cm to 3 m (1.2 in to 3.3 yrds)
• Input Trigger – positive TTL pulse, 2 uS min, 5 μs typ.
• Echo Pulse – positive TTL pulse, 115 uS to 18.5 ms
• Echo Hold-off – 750 μs from fall of Trigger pulse
• Burst Frequency – 40 kHz for 200 μs
• Burst Indicator LED shows sensor activity
• Delay before next measurement – 200 μs
• Size – 22 mm H x 46 mm W x 16 mm D (0.84 in x 1.8 in x 0.6 in)
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Ultrasonic Distance Sensor

The Robotica Ultrasonic Distance Sensor measures the distance
or presence of a target object by sending a sound wave above
the range of hearing at the object and then measuring the time
it takes for the sound echo to return. By knowing the speed of
sound, the sensor can determine the distance of the object from
the transducer element

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Ultrasonic Distance Sensor with the Microcontroller 2

Accurate Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Project

Abstract
This paper introduces a different approach to
the measurement of the time-of-flight of ultrasonic signals.
Frequency variation monitoring and recording is used to
determine accurately the arrival time of the ultrasonic signal.
A high speed Digital Signal Processor (D.S.P.) is used for
both: transmission and direct measurement of the frequency
of the incoming signal in every single period and with an
accuracy of about 0.1%. The proposed configuration offers
small size and low cost solution to displacement
measurements with a remarkable performance in terms of
accuracy, range and measurement time.

THE SYSTEM
The configuration of the proposed system is based on the
capabilities of accurate time measurement of modern microcontrollers.
The usual series of microcontrollers can not be
used in this application mainly because of their relatively
low frequency of operation (clock frequency) which affects
the accuracy of time measurement within one single period.
They can not offer the required fast and accurate frequency
measurement. A high performance system may therefore be
built only on a more powerful microcontroller. Larger
systems (personal computer type, etc) are avoided for
practical reasons; the overall measurement system should be
cost-effective and small sized.

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An Ultrasonic/Optical Pulse Sensor for
Precise Distance Measurements Project

Goals
- Develop an ultrasonic transit time distance sensor with an

optical sync signal
- Demonstrate a pulse cancellation technique for shaping

transmitted and received ultrasonic pulses.

System Block Diagram

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Ultrasonic Distance Sensor with the Microcontroller 1

Ultrasonic Distance Sensor Implemented
with the Microcontroller Project
Linear measurement is a problem that a lot of
applications in the industrial and consumer market
segment have to contend with. Ultrasonic technology is
one of the solutions used by the industry. However, an
optimized balance between cost and features are a must
for almost all target applications. The ultrasonic distance
measurer (UDM) is used mainly when a non-contact
measurer is required. This is the type of solution this
document explains using a simple robot toy
implementation.

Description
The UDM is a demo that shows capability and performance
of the MC9RS08KA2 and the ultrasonic sensor to build a
distance measurer. Figure 2 shows the basic building block of
this project.

The firmware generates a 40 kHz burst signal. After the 10 cycle
burst is completed, a variable that measures the distance is
activated. This variable measures the time sound takes to rebound
and is used for distance calculation.

The burst signal goes to the ultrasonic transmitter (US Tx) and is
transmitted as ultrasound through the air Figure 2. When the wave
is reflected off an object, this wave is captured by the ultrasonic
receiver (US Rx.) This received signal is amplified because it
attenuates as it travels. Afterwards, the signal goes back to the
microcontroller unit (MCU), filters it and calculates the distance.
A 40 kHz interrupt is generated by the timer in the MCU. To
perform this, the keyboard interrupt (KBI) is enabled and detects
the external signal. Every time the MCU is interrupted the counter
is increased by three. And the variable used as a counter is
decreased by one for the entrances to the modulus timer module
(MTIM) interrupt service routine (ISR). When this variable is bigger
than eight the ECHO signal is activated. The distance variable is then
set to 0. Refer to Figure 3 for timing diagram. For detailed information
about the firmware see Figure 3.

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Distance Sensing Project
devices for wireless distance and position determination
usefull as gesture controllers for robotic musical instruments
Since the early seventies we did build sonar devices to control our
self made analog electronic music synthesizers. In those years,
simple to use transducers were not readily available on the
electronic component market and so, we had to make our own,
based on designs used for underwater hydrophones. (Quarz crystals,
inductive devices, self made condensor microphones etc...). Although
the focus of our research later on became doppler based sonar
and radar movement detection and gesture analysis, we always had
quite a few pulsed sonar devices at hand. The easiest and cheapest
ones to build nowadays make use of the commonly available 40kHz
transducers. Two approaches are possible: either one uses a single
transducer as an emitter for a periodic burst of sinewaves and that
then is switched to microphone mode and connected to the input of a
voltage controlled amp (preferably a logamp, compensating for the
square law decay of amplitude with distance). The time between the
start of the burst and the reception of the first echo is a linear function
of the straight distance from the tranducer to the reflective object or
body.

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